Marketing Kraft Food Group, Inc.

KRAFT FOODS GROUP, INC. JASMINE de GENESTE Kraft Foods Group, Inc. Kraft Foods Group, Inc. is a compilation of C. W. Post, Oscar Meyer and James Lewis Kraft. Each of these men started a business that would grow significantly because of the innovative thinking and vision they had to produce a product that gained customer loyalty and profits. The way they conducted business in the late19th Century, early 20th Century showed vision for a future that would be able to distribute products effectively and efficiently through advertising the brand name. â€Å"Mr.Post used marketing techniques that are now considered industry standards, but which were innovative for their time. These included extensive advertising, coupons, free samples, product demonstrations, plant tours and recipe booklets† (Mit. edu, 2013). Many organizations today offers, free samples, coupons and product demonstrations and the amount of money that are used for marketing is astronomical. Each of these men went aro und the communities to advertise and sell the products to customers, by using horse and cart. This gained the trust of customers and the appreciation that they delivered allowed them to gain even more business.Throughout the years as each of the companies grew and the â€Å"brand name† became popular and trusted by consumers, allowed for mergers and acquisitions to expand the businesses to make higher profits. In the early 1980’s General Foods acquired all three companies and formed Kraft Foods Inc. in 1989. â€Å"Kraft is a beloved-billion-dollar brand that spans the continent with many different products from peanut butter to cheese and â€Å"anything† dressings† (Kraft. com, 2013). A fact believed by millions across the world. Many household in North America and Canada believe the â€Å"brand name Kraft† to be a name to be trusted.Kraft was a subsidiary of Mondelez International until 2012, a spun off was done to allow Kraft to focus on the Nort h American and Canadian grocery business leaving Mondelez to focus on the snack business globally. It was a move that was made to allow Kraft to take advantage of its’ â€Å"brand name† with consumers that trust and rely on the products. The mission is â€Å" to be North America’s best food and beverage company. Our company has a great heritage that we’re building into an even greater future† (Kraft. com, 2013). The mission statement is short and sweet, and the company stands behind being the best food and beverage company.This is proven in the annual report that states â€Å"Wal-Mart was responsible for 25% of sales alone† (Kraft. com, 2013). Kraft $18 billion dollar company with sales in food and beverages and the impact that it has had on 98% of households in the United States along with 99% in Canada. Kraft’s customers are wholesalers, supermarket chains, distributors value stores to name a few. The name in itself is worth billion s and Kraft is using it along with the history from the beginning of the 19th Century to show, how it will impact consumers future. Kraft is a beloved-billion-dollar brand that spans the continent with many different products from peanut butter to cheese and â€Å"anything† dressings† (Kraft. com, 2013). All part of the positioning of the products that has the Kraft name that consumers trust and depend on. Kraft realized that it needed to separate itself from Mondelez International in order to increase profits, customer loyalty and shareholders support. The strategic move will help Kraft once again become America’s number one family name. The customer teams interact with operations to effectively manage customer relations.This is achieved by collaborating with customers to develop strategies to introduce new products, define categories, consumer insights, consumer markets, promote products, and price setting. Kraft resources are combined across product lines to e ffectively support retailers, and advice retailers on the strategies to use for products to obtain the highest profit. Acosta and Crossmark are the sales and marketing agencies used by Kraft as extensions to the customer team to provide in-store product placement support, distribution and execution of promotions for products.Innovative thinking and technology has enabled Kraft to reach many of its customers by nature of the Internet. â€Å"It can work for your product or service if you plan and execute an integrated communications plan designed to strengthen and maintain your relationship with the customer† (Muse, 2013). Kraft website is very informative and it has all the information that customers and retailers find informative. It gives insight to the mission, vision, environment, sustainability and history of Kraft.This is all part of marketing as stated by Professor Brauer â€Å"the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution o f goods and services to facilitate exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives†. The product positioning used by Kraft Foods Group, Inc are a combination of competitor positioning, price positioning, quality level positioning and product attributes. Kraft face competition with large national and international companies, and have to differentiate its product from competitors to maintain competitive advantage.The quality of products and innovative growth, brand name, and the loyalty of our consumers for the excellent service we provide help position Kraft products. Our consumers and customers are satisfied with their product preference because they are given the ability to identify the product. â€Å"Product placement is the insertion of commercial products in entertainment products† (Miclot, & Segal, 2012, p. 20). The use of advertising campaigns to market brand names along with promotions for consumers are accomplished by third-party vendors by analy zing buying patterns, trends and the knowledge that we have on consumers to create marketing programs.The goals and objectives for Kraft Food Groups, Inc. are to be able â€Å"to predict, identify and interpret the taste and dietary habits of consumers and to offer products that appeal to consumer preferences† (Kraft. com, 2013). Being able to predict the shifts in consumer taste for short-term, or long-term trends is imperative for Kraft revenue. The different products offered to consumers are also important and Kraft innovative team will ensure the development, introduction, and rapid growth for products.Intellectual property protection for Kraft product and ensuring that the rights of others intellectual property is not being infringed. The perception of Kraft Foods Group, Inc. must be positive by ensuring health implications of products has the highest quality to be accepted by consumers. The sales and market share are affected if consumers are not satisfied and if produc ts are not developed quickly. Ensuring that divestures are paying of our debt and we maintain a great place in the Standard and Poors ratings. Being prepared to keep the comparative advantage if Mondelez should become one of our competitors in the future.Kraft Foods Group, Inc. will ensure that consumer satisfaction are met by offering a diverse set of products with the highest quality to ensure increase revenue for shareholders. Reference Brauer, T. (2013). Marketing. Retrieved April 12th, 2013 from the Colorado Technical University Web site: https://campus. ctuonline. edu/pages/MainFrame. aspx? ContentFrame=/Home/Pages/Default. aspx Kraft Foods Group. (2013). Mission Statement. Retrieved April 12th, 2013, from the World Wide Web: http://www. kraftfoodsgroup. com/About/index. aspx Kraft. com. (2013).Annual Report on Form 10K. Retrieved April 12th, 2013, from the World Wide Web: http://www. kraftfoodsgroup. com/Investor/annual_shareholders_meeting. aspx Miclot, S. & Segal, S. (2012) . Introduction to Marketing. Words of Wisdom LLC. Schaumberg, IL. 1st Ed. Mit. edu. (2013). The History of Kraft Foods, Inc. Retrieved April 12th, 2013 from the World Wide Web: http://web. mit. edu/allanmc/www/kraftfoods. pdf Muse. (2013). Developing Marketing Strategy and Mix. Retrieved April 8th, 2013 from the World Wide Web: https://campus. ctuonline. edu/courses/MKT210/p1/hub1/25351. pdf

The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 4. NATURE

I WAS HAVING A BAD WEEK. I knew that essentially nothing had changed. Okay, so Victoria had not given up, but had I ever dreamed for one moment that she had? Her reappearance had only confirmed what I'd already known. No reason for fresh panic. In theory. Not panicking was easier said than done. Graduation was only a few weeks away, but I wondered if it wasn't a little foolish to sit around, weak and tasty, waiting for the next disaster. It seemed too dangerous to be human – just begging for trouble. Someone like me shouldn't be human. Someone with my luck ought to be a little less helpless. But no one would listen to me. Carlisle had said, â€Å"There are seven of us, Bella. And with Alice on our side, I don't think Victoria's going to catch us off guard. I think it's important, for Charlie's sake, that we stick with the original plan.† Esme had said, â€Å"We'd never allow anything to happen to you, sweetheart. You know that. Please don't be anxious.† And then she'd kissed my forehead. Emmett had said, â€Å"I'm really glad Edward didn't kill you. Everything's so much more fun with you around.† Rosalie had glared at him. Alice had rolled her eyes and said, â€Å"I'm offended. You're not honestly worried about this, are you?† â€Å"If it's no big deal, then why did Edward drag me to Florida?† I'd demanded. â€Å"Haven't you noticed yet, Bella, that Edward is just the teeniest bit prone to overreaction?† Jasper had silently erased all the panic and tension in my body with his curious talent of controlling emotional atmospheres. I'd felt reassured, and let them talk me out of my desperate pleading. Of course, that calm had worn off as soon as Edward and I had walked out of the room. So the consensus was that I was just supposed to forget that a deranged vampire was stalking me, intent on my death. Go about my business. I did try. And surprisingly, there were other things almost as stressful to dwell on besides my status on the endangered species list. . . . Because Edward's response had been the most frustrating of them all. â€Å"That's between you and Carlisle,† he'd said. â€Å"Of course, you know that I'm willing to make it between you and me at any time that you wish. You know my condition.† And he had smiled angelically. Ugh. I did know his condition. Edward had promised that he would change me himself whenever I wanted . . . just as long as I was married to him first. Sometimes I wondered if he was only pretending that he couldn't read my mind. How else had he struck upon the one condition that I would have trouble accepting? The one condition that would slow me down. All in all, a very bad week. And today was the worst day in it. It was always a bad day when Edward was away. Alice had foreseen nothing out of the ordinary this weekend, and so I'd insisted that he take the opportunity to go hunting with his brothers. I knew how it bored him to hunt the easy, nearby prey. â€Å"Go have fun,† I'd told him. â€Å"Bag a few mountain lions for me.† I would never admit to him how hard it was for me when he was gone – how it brought back the abandonment nightmares. If he knew that, it would make him feel horrible and he would be afraid to ever leave me, even for the most necessary reasons. It had been like that in the beginning, when he'd first returned from Italy. His golden eyes had turned black and he'd suffered from his thirst more than it was already necessary that he suffer. So I put on a brave face and all but kicked him out the door whenever Emmett and Jasper wanted to go. I think he saw through me, though. A little. This morning there had been a note left on my pillow: I'll be back so soon you won't have time to miss me. Look after my heart – I've left it with you. So now I had a big empty Saturday with nothing but my morning shift at Newton's Olympic Outfitters to distract me. And, of course, the oh-so-comforting promise from Alice. â€Å"I'm staying close to home to hunt. I'll only be fifteen minutes away if you need me. I'll keep an eye out for trouble.† Translation: don't try anything funny just because Edward is gone. Alice was certainly just as capable of crippling my truck as Edward was. I tried to look on the bright side. After work, I had plans to help Angela with her announcements, so that would be a distraction. And Charlie was in an excellent mood due to Edward's absence, so I might as well enjoy that while it lasted. Alice would spend the night with me if I was pathetic enough to ask her to. And then tomorrow, Edward would be home. I would survive. Not wanting to be ridiculously early for work, I ate my breakfast slowly, one Cheerio at a time. Then, when I'd washed the dishes, I arranged the magnets on the fridge into a perfect line. Maybe I was developing obsessive-compulsive disorder. The last two magnets – round black utilitarian pieces that were my favorites because they could hold ten sheets of paper to the fridge without breaking a sweat – did not want to cooperate with my fixation. Their polarities were reversed; every time I tried to line the last one up, the other jumped out of place. For some reason – impending mania, perhaps – this really irritated me. Why couldn't they just play nice? Stupid with stubbornness, I kept shoving them together as if I was expecting them to suddenly give up. I could have flipped one over, but that felt like losing. Finally, exasperated at myself more than the magnets, I pulled them from the fridge and held them together with two hands. It took a little effort – they were strong enough to put up a fight – but I forced them to coexist side-by-side. â€Å"See,† I said out loud – talking to inanimate objects, never a good sign – â€Å"That's not so horrible, is it?† I stood there like an idiot for a second, not quite able to admit that I wasn't having any lasting effect against scientific principles. Then, with a sigh, I put the magnets back on the fridge, a foot apart. â€Å"There's no need to be so inflexible,† I muttered. It was still too early, but I decided I'd better get out of the house before the inanimate objects started talking back. When I got to Newton's, Mike was methodically dry mopping the aisles while his mom arranged a new counter display. I caught them in the middle of an argument, unaware that I had arrived. â€Å"But it's the only time that Tyler can go,† Mike complained. â€Å"You said after graduation -â€Å" â€Å"You're just going to have to wait,† Mrs. Newton snapped. â€Å"You and Tyler can think of something else to do. You are not going to Seattle until the police stop whatever it is that is going on there. I know Beth Crowley has told Tyler the same thing, so don't act like I'm the bad guy – oh, good morning, Bella,† she said when she caught sight of me, brightening her tone quickly. â€Å"You're early.† Karen Newton was the last person I'd think to ask for help in an outdoor sports equipment store. Her perfectly highlighted blond hair was always smoothed into an elegant twist on the back of her neck, her fingernails were polished by professionals, as were her toenails – visible through the strappy high heels that didn't resemble anything Newton's offered on the long row of hiking boots. â€Å"Light traffic,† I joked as I grabbed my hideous fluorescent orange vest out from under the counter. I was surprised that Mrs. Newton was as worked up about this Seattle thing as Charlie. I'd thought he was going to extremes. â€Å"Well, er . . .† Mrs. Newton hesitated for a moment, playing uncomfortably with a stack of flyers she was arranging by the register. I stopped with one arm in my vest. I knew that look. When I'd let the Newtons know that I wouldn't be working here this summer – abandoning them in their busiest season, in effect – they'd started training Katie Marshall to take my place. They couldn't really afford both of us on the payroll at the same time, so when it looked like a slow day . . . â€Å"I was going to call,† Mrs. Newton continued. â€Å"I don't think we're expecting a ton of business today. Mike and I can probably handle things. I'm sorry you got up and drove out. . . .† On a normal day, I would be ecstatic with this turn of events. Today . . . not so much. â€Å"Okay,† I sighed. My shoulders slumped. What was I going to do now? â€Å"That's not fair, Mom,† Mike said. â€Å"If Bella wants to work -â€Å" â€Å"No, it's okay, Mrs. Newton. Really, Mike. I've got finals to study for and stuff. . . .† I didn't want to be a source of familial discord when they were already arguing. â€Å"Thanks, Bella. Mike, you missed aisle four. Um, Bella, do you mind throwing these flyers in a Dumpster on the way out? I told the girl who left them here that I'd put them on the counter, but I really don't have the room.† â€Å"Sure, no problem.† I put my vest away, and then tucked the flyers under my arm and headed out into the misty rain. The Dumpster was around the side of Newton's, next to where we employees were supposed to park. I shuffled along, kicking pebbles petulantly on my way. I was about to fling the stack of bright yellow papers into the trash when the heading printed in bold across the top caught my eye. One word in particular seized my attention. I clutched the papers in both hands as I stared at the picture beneath the caption. A lump rose in my throat. SAVE THE OLYMPIC WOLF Under the words, there was a detailed drawing of a wolf in front of a fir tree, its head thrown back in the act of baying at the moon. It was a disconcerting picture; something about the wolf's plaintive posture made him look forlorn. Like he was howling in grief. And then I was running to my truck, the flyers still locked in my grip. Fifteen minutes – that's all I had. But it should be long enough. It was only fifteen minutes to La Push, and surely I would cross the boundary line a few minutes before I hit the town. My truck roared to life without any difficulty. Alice couldn't have seen me doing this, because I hadn't been planning it. A snap decision, that was the key! And as long as I moved fast enough, I should be able to capitalize on it. I'd thrown the damp flyers in my haste and they were scattered in a bright mess across the passenger seat – a hundred bolded captions, a hundred dark howling wolves outlined against the yellow background. I barreled down the wet highway, turning the windshield wipers on high and ignoring the groan of the ancient engine. Fifty-five was the most I could coax out of my truck, and I prayed it would be enough. I had no clue where the boundary line was, but I began to feel safer as I passed the first houses outside La Push. This must be beyond where Alice was allowed to follow. I'd call her when I got to Angela's this afternoon, I reasoned, so that she'd know I was fine. There was no reason for her to get worked up. She didn't need to be mad at me – Edward would be angry enough for two when he got back. My truck was positively wheezing by the time it grated to a stop in front of the familiar faded red house. The lump came back to my throat as I stared at the little place that had once been my refuge. It had been so long since I'd been here. Before I could cut the engine, Jacob was standing in the door, his face blank with shock. In the sudden silence when the truck-roar died, I heard him gasp. â€Å"Bella?† â€Å"Hey, Jake!† â€Å"Bella!† he yelled back, and the smile I'd been waiting for stretched across his face like the sun breaking free of the clouds. His teeth gleamed bright against his russet skin. â€Å"I can't believe it!† He ran to the truck and half-yanked me through the open door, and then we were both jumping up and down like kids. â€Å"How did you get here?† â€Å"I snuck out!† â€Å"Awesome!† â€Å"Hey, Bella!† Billy had rolled himself into the doorway to see what all the commotion was about. â€Å"Hey, Bil -!† Just then my air choked off – Jacob grabbed me up in a bear hug too tight to breathe and swung me around in a circle. â€Å"Wow, it's good to see you here!† â€Å"Can't . . . breathe,† I gasped. He laughed and put me down. â€Å"Welcome back, Bella,† he said, grinning. And the way he said the words made it sound like welcome home. We started walking, too keyed up to sit still in the house. Jacob was practically bouncing as he moved, and I had to remind him a few times that my legs weren't ten feet long. As we walked, I felt myself settling into another version of myself, the self I had been with Jacob. A little younger, a little less responsible. Someone who might, on occasion, do something really stupid for no good reason. Our exuberance lasted through the first few topics of conversation: how we were doing, what we were up to, how long I had, and what had brought me here. When I hesitantly told him about the wolf flyer, his bellowing laugh echoed back from the trees. But then, as we ambled past the back of the store and shoved through the thick scrub that ringed the far edge of First Beach, we got to the hard parts. All too soon we had to talk about the reasons behind our long separation, and I watched as the face of my friend hardened into the bitter mask that was already too familiar. â€Å"So what's the story, anyway?† Jacob asked me, kicking a piece of driftwood out of his way with too much force. It sailed over the sand and then clattered against the rocks. â€Å"I mean, since the last time we . . . well, before, you know . . .† He struggled for the words. He took a deep breath and tried again. â€Å"What I'm asking is . . . everything is just back to the way it was before he left? You forgave him for all of that?† I took a deep breath. â€Å"There was nothing to forgive.† I wanted to skip past this part, the betrayals, the accusations, but I knew that we had to talk it through before we'd be able to move on to anything else. Jacob's face puckered up like he'd just licked a lemon. â€Å"I wish Sam had taken a picture when he found you that night last September. It would be exhibit A.† â€Å"Nobody's on trial.† â€Å"Maybe somebody should be.† â€Å"Not even you would blame him for leaving, if you knew the reason why.† He glared at me for a few seconds. â€Å"Okay,† he challenged acidly. â€Å"Amaze me.† His hostility was wearing on me – chafing against the raw; it hurt to have him angry with me. It reminded me of the bleak afternoon, long ago, when – under orders from Sam – he'd told me we couldn't be friends. I took a second to compose myself. â€Å"Edward left me last fall because he didn't think I should be hanging out with vampires. He thought it would be healthier for me if he left.† Jacob did a double take. He had to scramble for a minute. Whatever he'd been planning to say, it clearly no longer applied. I was glad he didn't know the catalyst behind Edward's decision. I could only imagine what he'd think if he knew Jasper had tried to kill me. â€Å"He came back, though, didn't he?† Jacob muttered. â€Å"Too bad he can't stick to a decision.† â€Å"If you remember, I went and got him.† Jacob stared at me for a moment, and then he backed off. His face relaxed, and his voice was calmer when he spoke. â€Å"That's true. So I never did get the story. What happened?† I hesitated, biting my lip. â€Å"Is it a secret?† His voice took on a taunting edge. â€Å"Are you not allowed to tell me?† â€Å"No,† I snapped. â€Å"It's just a really long story.† Jacob smiled, arrogant, and turned to walk up the beach, expecting me to follow. It was no fun being with Jacob if he was going to act like this. I trailed behind him automatically, not sure if I shouldn't turn around and leave. I was going to have to face Alice, though, when I got home. . . . I supposed I wasn't in any rush. Jacob walked to a huge, familiar piece of driftwood – an entire tree, roots and all, bleached white and beached deep in the sand; it was our tree, in a way. Jacob sat down on the natural bench, and patted the space next to him. â€Å"I don't mind long stories. Is there any action?† I rolled my eyes as I sat next to him. â€Å"There's some action,† I allowed. â€Å"It wouldn't be real horror without action.† â€Å"Horror!† I scoffed. â€Å"Can you listen, or will you be interrupting me with rude comments about my friends? â€Å" He pretended to lock his lips and then threw the invisible key over his shoulder. I tried not to smile, and failed. â€Å"I'll have to start with the stuff you were already there for,† I decided, working to organize the stories in my head before I began. Jacob raised his hand. â€Å"Go ahead.† â€Å"That's good,† he said. â€Å"I didn't understand much that was going on at the time.† â€Å"Yeah, well, it gets complicated, so pay attention. You know how Alice sees things?† I took his scowl – the wolves weren't thrilled that the legends of vampires possessing supernatural gifts were true – for a yes, and proceeded with the account of my race through Italy to rescue Edward. I kept it as succinct as possible – leaving out anything that wasn't essential. I tried to read Jacob's reactions, but his face was enigmatic as I explained how Alice had seen Edward plan to kill himself when he'd heard that I was dead. Sometimes Jacob seemed so deep in thought, I wasn't sure if he was listening. He only interrupted one time. â€Å"The fortune-telling bloodsucker can't see us?† he echoed, his face both fierce and gleeful. â€Å"Seriously? That's excellent!† I clenched my teeth together, and we sat in silence, his face expectant as he waited for me to continue. I glared at him until he realized his mistake. â€Å"Oops!† he said. â€Å"Sorry.† He locked his lips again. His response was easier to read when I got to the part about the Volturi. His teeth clenched together, goose bumps rose on his arms, and his nostrils flared. I didn't go into specifics, I just told him that Edward had talked us out of trouble, without revealing the promise we'd had to make, or the visit we were anticipating. Jacob didn't need to have my nightmares. â€Å"Now you know the whole story,† I concluded. â€Å"So it's your turn to talk. What happened while I was with my mom this weekend?† I knew Jacob would give me more details than Edward had. He wasn't afraid of scaring me. Jacob leaned forward, instantly animated. â€Å"So Embry and Quil and I were running patrol on Saturday night, just routine stuff, when out of nowhere – bam!† He threw his arms out, impersonating an explosion. â€Å"There it is – a fresh trail, not fifteen minutes old. Sam wanted us to wait for him, but I didn't know you were gone, and I didn't know if your bloodsuckers were keeping an eye on you or not. So we took off after her at full speed, but she'd crossed the treaty line before we caught up. We spread out along the line, hoping she'd cross back over. It was frustrating, let me tell you.† He wagged his head and his hair – growing out from the short crop he'd adopted when he'd joined the pack – flopped into his eyes. â€Å"We ended up too far south. The Cullens chased her back to our side just a few miles north of us. Would have been the perfect ambush if we'd known where to wait.† He shook his head, grimacing now. â€Å"That's when it got dicey. Sam and the others caught up to her before we did, but she was dancing right along the line, and the whole coven was right there on the other side. The big one, what's-his-name -â€Å" â€Å"Emmett.† â€Å"Yeah, him. He made a lunge for her, but that redhead is fast! He flew right behind her and almost rammed into Paul. So, Paul . . . well, you know Paul.† â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"Lost his focus. Can't say that I blame him – the big bloodsucker was right on top of him. He sprang – hey, don't give me that look. The vampire was on our land.† I tried to compose my face so that he would go on. My nails were digging into my palms with the stress of the story, even though I knew it had turned out fine. â€Å"Anyway, Paul missed, and the big one got back on his side. But by then the, er, well the, uh, blonde . . .† Jacob's expression was a comical mix of disgust and unwilling admiration as he tried to come up with a word to describe Edward's sister. â€Å"Rosalie.† â€Å"Whatever. She got real territorial, so Sam and I fell back to get Paul's flanks. Then their leader and the other blond male -â€Å" â€Å"Carlisle and Jasper.† He gave me an exasperated look. â€Å"You know I don't really care. Anyway, so Carlisle spoke to Sam, trying to calm things down. Then it was weird, because everyone got really calm really fast. It was that other one you told me about, messing with our heads. But even though we knew what he was doing, we couldn't not be calm.† â€Å"Yeah, I know how it feels.† â€Å"Really annoying, that's how it feels. Only you can't be annoyed until afterwards.† He shook his head angrily. â€Å"So Sam and the head vamp agreed that Victoria was the priority, and we started after her again. Carlisle gave us the line, so that we could follow the scent properly, but then she hit the cliffs just north of Makah country, right where the line hugs the coast for a few miles. She took off into the water again. The big one and the calm one wanted permission to cross the line to go after her, but of course we said no.† â€Å"Good. I mean, you were being stupid, but I'm glad. Emmett's never cautious enough. He could have gotten hurt.† Jacob snorted. â€Å"So did your vampire tell you we attacked for no reason and his totally innocent coven -â€Å" â€Å"No,† I interrupted. â€Å"Edward told me the same story, just without quite as many details.† â€Å"Huh,† Jacob said under his breath, and he bent over to pick up a rock from among the millions of pebbles at our feet. With a casual flick, he sent it flying a good hundred meters out into the bay. â€Å"Well, she'll be back, I guess. We'll get another shot at her.† I shuddered; of course she would be back. Would Edward really tell me next time? I wasn't sure. I'd have to keep an eye on Alice, to look for the signs that the pattern was about to repeat. . . . Jacob didn't seem to notice my reaction. He was staring across the waves with a thoughtful expression on his face, his broad lips pursed. â€Å"What are you thinking about?† I asked after a long, quiet time. â€Å"I'm thinking about what you told me. About when the fortune-teller saw you cliff jumping and thought you'd committed suicide, and how it all got out of control. . . . Do you realize that if you had just waited for me like you were supposed to, then the bl – Alice wouldn't have been able to see you jump? Nothing would have changed. We'd probably be in my garage right now, like any other Saturday. There wouldn't be any vampires in Forks, and you and me . . .† He trailed off, deep in thought. It was disconcerting the way he said this, like it would be a good thing to have no vampires in Forks. My heart thumped unevenly at the emptiness of the picture he painted. â€Å"Edward would have come back anyway.† â€Å"Are you sure about that?† he asked, belligerent again as soon as I spoke Edward's name. â€Å"Being apart . . . It didn't work out so well for either of us.† He started to say something, something angry from his expression, but he stopped himself, took a breath, and began again. â€Å"Did you know Sam is mad at you?† â€Å"Me?† It took me a second. â€Å"Oh. I see. He thinks they would have stayed away if I wasn't here.† â€Å"No. That's not it.† â€Å"What's his problem then?† Jacob leaned down to scoop up another rock. He turned it over and over in his fingers; his eyes were riveted on the black stone while he spoke in a low voice. â€Å"When Sam saw . . . how you were in the beginning, when Billy told them how Charlie worried when you didn't get better, and then when you started jumping off cliffs . . .† I made a face. No one was ever going to let me forget that. Jacob's eyes flashed up to mine. â€Å"He thought you were the one person in the world with as much reason to hate the Cullens as he does. Sam feels sort of . . . betrayed that you would just let them back into your life like they never hurt you.† I didn't believe for a second that Sam was the only one who felt that way. And the acid in my voice now was for both of them. â€Å"You can tell Sam to go right to -â€Å" â€Å"Look at that,† Jacob interrupted me, pointing to an eagle in the act of plummeting down toward the ocean from an incredible height. It checked itself at the last minute, only its talons breaking the surface of the waves, just for an instant. Then it flapped away, its wings straining against the load of the huge fish it had snagged. â€Å"You see it everywhere,† Jacob said, his voice suddenly distant. â€Å"Nature taking its course – hunter and prey, the endless cycle of life and death.† I didn't understand the point of the nature lecture; I guessed that he was just trying to change the subject. But then he looked down at me with dark humor in his eyes. â€Å"And yet, you don't see the fish trying to plant a kiss on the eagle. You never see that.† He grinned a mocking grin. I grinned back tightly, though the acid taste was still in my mouth. â€Å"Maybe the fish was trying,† I suggested. â€Å"It's hard to tell what a fish is thinking. Eagles are good-looking birds, you know.† â€Å"Is that what it comes down to?† His voice was abruptly sharper. â€Å"Good looks?† â€Å"Don't be stupid, Jacob.† â€Å"Is it the money, then?† he persisted. â€Å"That's nice,† I muttered, getting up from the tree. â€Å"I'm flattered that you think so much of me.† I turned my back on him and paced away. â€Å"Aw, don't get mad.† He was right behind me; he caught my wrist and spun me around. â€Å"I'm serious! I'm trying to understand here, and I'm coming up blank.† His eyebrows pushed together angrily, and his eyes were black in their deep shadow. â€Å"I love him. Not because he's beautiful or because he's rich!† I spat the word at Jacob. â€Å"I'd much rather he weren't either one. It would even out the gap between us just a little bit – because he'd still be the most loving and unselfish and brilliant and decent person I've ever met. Of course I love him. How hard is that to understand?† â€Å"It's impossible to understand.† â€Å"Please enlighten me, then, Jacob.† I let the sarcasm flow thick. â€Å"What is a valid reason for someone to love someone else? Since apparently I'm doing it wrong.† â€Å"I think the best place to start would be to look within your own species. That usually works.† â€Å"Well, that just sucks!† I snapped. â€Å"I guess I'm stuck with Mike Newton after all.† Jacob flinched back and bit his lip. I could see that my words had hurt him, but I was too mad to feel bad about that yet. He dropped my wrist and folded his arms across his chest, turning from me to glare toward the ocean. â€Å"I'm human,† he muttered, his voice almost inaudible. â€Å"You're not as human as Mike,† I continued ruthlessly. â€Å"Do you still think that's the most important consideration?† â€Å"It's not the same thing.† Jacob didn't look away from the gray waves. â€Å"I didn't choose this.† I laughed once in disbelief. â€Å"Do you think Edward did? He didn't know what was happening to him any more than you did. He didn't exactly sign up for this.† Jacob was shaking his head back and forth with a small, quick movement. â€Å"You know, Jacob, you're awfully self-righteous – considering that you're a werewolf and all.† â€Å"It's not the same,† Jacob repeated, glowering at me. â€Å"I don't see why not. You could be a bit more understanding about the Cullens. You have no idea how truly good they are – to the core, Jacob.† He frowned more deeply. â€Å"They shouldn't exist. Their existence goes against nature.† I stared at him for a long moment with one eyebrow raised incredulously. It was a while before he noticed. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Speaking of unnatural . . . ,† I hinted. â€Å"Bella,† he said, his voice slow and different. Aged. I realized that he sounded suddenly older than me – like a parent or a teacher. â€Å"What I am was born in me. It's a part of who I am, who my family is, who we all are as a tribe – it's the reason why we're still here. â€Å"Besides that† – he looked down at me, his black eyes unreadable – â€Å"I am stillhuman.† He picked up my hand and pressed it to his fever-warm chest. Through his t-shirt, I could feel the steady beating of his heart under my palm. â€Å"Normal humans can't throw motorcycles around the way you can.† He smiled a faint, half-smile. â€Å"Normal humans run away from monsters, Bella. And I never claimed to be normal. Just human.† Staying angry with Jacob was too much work. I started to smile as I pulled my hand away from his chest. â€Å"You look plenty human to me,† I allowed. â€Å"At the moment.† â€Å"I feel human.† He stared past me, his face far away. His lower lip trembled, and he bit down on it hard. â€Å"Oh, Jake,† I whispered, reaching for his hand. This was why I was here. This was why I would take whatever reception waited for me when I got back. Because, underneath all the anger and the sarcasm, Jacob was in pain. Right now, it was very clear in his eyes. I didn't know how to help him, but I knew I had to try. It was more than that I owed him. It was because his pain hurt me, too. Jacob had become a part of me, and there was no changing that now.

Damien Hirst Art Paper

Bailey Pennington Art October 30, 2012 Damien Hirst Damien Hirst was born in Bristol, England, on June 7, 1965. Hirst is a controversial and successful artist; He emerged as a leading figure in the Young British Artists movement in the late 1980s and 1990s. His works, which include dead animal displays and spin-art paintings, have sold for exceptionally high prices. Hirst is one of the wealthiest artists living today. Hirst and his American girlfriend live in Devon, England, with their three sons.Damien Hirst showed an interest in the grisly and gruesome aspects of life early on. His mother described him as a morbid child. As a teenager, Hirst liked to look at illustrated pathology books, fascinated by the images of disease and injury. He also showed an interest in drawing, a passion his mother supported. Hirst got into trouble as teenager, and was caught shoplifting twice. But despite his behavior he did end up graduating at Goldsmith's College at the University of London.In 1991, H irst had his first solo exhibition at the Woodstock Street Gallery in London. He also participated in the Young British Artists show at the Saatchi Gallery the following year. There he displayed â€Å"The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living,† a 14-foot-long glass tank with a shark preserved in formaldehyde. The shark had been bought from an Australian fisherman. Hirst continued to set the art world on fire with his work at the 1993 Venice Bienniale, a renowned international art exhibition.There he showed â€Å"Mother and Child Divided,† an installation piece that featured a bisected cow and her calf displayed in four vitrines, or glass cases, filled with formaldehyde. With his controversial and sometimes gruesome works, Hirst soon became one of the best known artists in Britain. He won the prestigious Turner Prize in 1995. â€Å"It's amazing what you can do with an E in A-Level art, a twisted imagination and a chainsaw,† Hirst said in h is acceptance speech.

Explain why the open war Essay

World War 1 had begun in August with both sides certain that their sudden attacks with cavalry and infantry would create a war of rapid movement, which would bring them a swift victory. The ending of this possibility and build up towards a stationary war of fixed entrenchment was not only due to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and Plan XVII, but the problems in communications, problems faced through tactics and strategies and the role of the commanders throughout the planning and progression of the war. The possibility of further outflanking movements was gone. The initially hastily constructed trenches of the allied forcers took on a more permanent look as two massive armies consisting of over 4 million men faced each other over 800 kilometres of continuous trench lines from the coast of Belgium to the Swiss border. For the next four years, the rival commanders struggled and blundered in an attempt to find a way to break the stalemate, which had emerged by the end of 1914. In order to break the stalemate there were two major offensives remembered from 1916, which both failed but were attempts none the less. Both sides had become aware that it was easier to hold a defensive position than it was to launch an offensive. However, this did not stop them, launching repeated disastrous offensives, relying on weight of men, artillery and supplies to crumble the opposition through attrition and each side endeavored to weaken the other. The generals decided only a ‘big push’ would be able to break through the enemy lines and restart the war of rapid movement. This was not achieved until the attrition of 1915-18 finally weakened the German lines in mid-1918. The Schlieffen Plan, originally devised by Alfred von Schlieffen, the then German Army Chief of Staff, in 1905, was the German Plan which would they would implement to avoid a war on two fronts. Schlieffen argued that France had to be defeated as soon as possible in the event of a great European War. If that were to happen, Schlieffen realised that Russia and France would be unwilling to continue fighting. In addition, Schlieffen estimated that it would take Russia six weeks to mobilise her forces in preparation for war against them. Thus, he reasoned that Germany would have six weeks in which to defeat France and surrender. On August 2nd 1914 the Schlieffen Plan was put into effect and the German Army began its advance upon France through Belgium. The delicate plan was upset with the early arrival of the British Expeditionary Force under Sir John French, significant resistance by the Belgian Army, resistance of the Belgians and the early arrival of Russian Forces. The German implementations and strategies relied too heavily on the Schlieffen Plan itself. The plan greatly depended on speed and movement, the strict deadline of 42 days was impractical, this unreasonable goal was pushed further away from the Germans. General von Moltke did not follow through the original Schlieffen Plan; instead, he had shifted the numbers of the planned armies and therefore altered the balance for the plan to work. All these events led up to the Battle of the Marne, the first major battle on the Western Front. The French Allied victory at this battle marked the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, and the death of any German hope for a quick decisive victory. The German forces were not only to blame for the reason of stationary war during 1914, the problems with the French Plan XVII also contributed to the fact.

How Does Facebook Impact on Your Life Essay

What is the most popular social network in the world? I believe that most people prefer the answer â€Å"Facebook†. Nowadays, there are more and more people join the Facebook. You can always see such situations that some people refresh their Facebook when they have nothing to do, and there are some people even only use Facebook to keep in touch with others. Actually, Facebook has already become a part of our life; and it changed our lives in four aspects: it changed our online life, relationships with our parents, relationships with our friends, and also eased our feeling of loneliness. The first aspect is that Facebook fulfilled our Internet lives. Do you still remember what did you usually do on the Internet before the Facebook was invented? Use my own experience for example; before the Facebook was invented, I only use the basic functions of the Internet, such as check the emails, look for some news on the Internet, sometime I also play some online games. At that time, I prefer to watch TV rather than surf the Internet. However, after the Facebook was invented, my online life changed. When I surf the Internet, the first thing I have to do is check my Facebook, because many of my friends who changed their states everyday. From their states I can know what happened to my friends. Sometimes I can also share some interesting videos and pictures to my friends, it also made me feel closer with my friend. Actually, not only myself, but also other teenagers have the similar situations. In â€Å"Facebook is a major influence on girls, says survey†, Sean Coughlan (2010) reported that there is a survey based on 3000 parents and 1000 children in the UK, and they found that Facebook made a big influence on children, especially on girls. In that survey, children are asked to list three important things in their life. The result shows that 41% of the girls and 17% of the boys believe that technology is one of the biggest influences, and many girls regard the Facebook as their important part in their life. They believe that Facebook is more important than TV, magazines and even their brothers or sisters. It sounds a little crazy, however, it is true that Facebook has already changed our Internet life. In fact, Facebook didn’t only change our Internet life, but also create a new way to communicate with your parents and friends. As there are more and more teenage Facebook users, many parents try to communicate with their kids through Facebook. However, is it an effective way to use Facebook to get closer with their child? In â€Å"Student’s Facebook ‘friends’: public and private spheres†, Anne West, Jane Lewis and Peter Currie (2009) analysis that most teens feel weird when adults have Facebook. Huffington Post (2007) use a student’s words as example, the student said that if his or her parents know so much about his or her Facebook activities, he or she will has a feel that his or her parents want to know the secrets between his or her friends. He or she wants his or her parents could understand that Facebook profile is prepared for people who are sharing his or her experience (cited in West, Lewis & Currie, 2009). From this example, we can see that many teenagers don’t like adding their parents as friends. They want a world that they can chart with their friends without worrying about their parents. However, there are still many teenagers believe that Facebook is a good way to communicate with their parents. For instance, there is a girl noted that her mother just got into Internet for few days and her mother likes to see her photos. The girl believes that it is a good way to keep in touch with her mother (West, Lewis & Currie, 2009). In another case, there is a friend of mine insist on communicating with his mother through the Internet. They believe that add each other as a Facebook friend is a symbol of reliance. My friend likes to update some photos with his friends, and his mother likes to share some tips in daily life with Facebook. With the help of Facebook, their relationship became better and better. As there are more and more people who know how to use Internet, we need to believe that one day, parents can get closer with their kid by using Facebook. Facebook does not only change our relationships with our parents, but also with our friends. Before the Facebook was invented, maybe the most common way to communicate with others is cellphone. You can text or phone others. However, with the birth of the Facebook, we have a new way to communicate with our friends. In â€Å"Me and My 400 Friends: The Anatomy of College Students’ Facebook Networks, Their Communication Patterns, and Well-Being†, Manago, Taylor and Greenfield (2012, pp. 374) did a survey on 400 people. According to their study, the average time that people spend on the Facebook is a little over an hour, and 80% of the people would log in the Facebook many times a day. Most people would like to update their status a few times a week. Status is most common use of the Facebook. From our friends’ statues we can know more about our friends’ life. To some degree, it is a kind of communication when you see your friends’ statue and leave a comment under their statue. According to Manago, Taylor and Greenfield’s study, the most common statues are others’ emotion condition (51% of participants). Then the second and the third most common statue is â€Å"what you a doing† and â€Å"vent frustration†. Therefore, we can easily know something from others’ statue. That is why Facebook provide us a new way to communicate with our friends. Actually, most young people like to use Facebook to keep in touch with their friends. Use my friends for example; Dale and Ronda are young couple with two kids. They like to go vocation in holidays. Each time when they come back they will update their statues and photos. It makes them feel closer with their friends. From these examples we can see that Facebook really changed our relationship with our friends a lot. The forth aspect that Facebook influent our life is that Facebook can ease our feeling of loneliness. In the article â€Å"Is Facebook Making Us Lonely? †, Marche (2012, P. 62) points out that Americans are much more lonely than ever before. In 1950, only less than 10% of the homes have only one person. However, by 2010, nearly 27% of the homes have only one person. From these information we can see that people became more and more lonely, because many of them living alone, they don’t have somebody to talk with them. That is the problem, and Facebook can solve this problem perfectly. Although you could not live with your friends, you could communicate with them through Facebook. Marche (2012, P. 64) also reported that in 1985, only 10% of the Americans had no one to talk about vital matters. However, by 2004, the year when Facebook launched, 25% Americans had no one to talk to. To solve this problem, Facebook provides a platform that you can discuss important matters with others. Facebook is not only a social networking, but also a â€Å"medicine† which can reduce the feeling of loneliness. There are some people argue that the motive for using Facebook may impact on loneliness. For instance, some people may addict to Facebook, so they prefer to use the Internet to communicate with others but not talk to others in reality. About this point, Mathew Ingram, an excerpt from BusinessWeek blog post, explains that Facebook would not promote connections in real world. He met many friends from Internet. He agrees that there are people became lonelier because of using the Internet, just like many lonely people like to watch a lot of late-night TV show. However, it doesn’t mean that Facebook causes loneliness (cited in Marche, 2012, P. 17). From the information above, we can see that Facebook really changed our life. In conclusion, Facebook changed our life in many aspects. It does not only add more happiness on your Internet life, but also make your relationships with others better. In the modern world, people became lonelier and lonelier. With the help of the Facebook, we can meet more new friends; we can keep in touch with our old friends, it can also help us to get out from the shadow of the loneliness. Facebook or social networking has already been a part of our life. Therefore, all we need to do is to make good use of the Facebook and let it serve us in a better way.

Product and Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product and Pricing - Essay Example All of these techniques are employed in order to ascertain the financial or monetary amount of a certain brand. For example, using communication investments as a form of brand valuation takes into account all of the expenditures incurred in communicating the brand in the target market and adjusting it for inflation. In this technique the company also takes into consideration the opportunity of using the fund in other investments such as bonds. However, the author also emphasizes that the brand is an "intangible asset." It is more than the name or the logo printed in the packaging of certain products. The brand is not what it is but what it stands for. According to Chevron (4), a brand is "a covenant with the customer, a promise that the brand and the product it names will conform to the expectations that have been created over time." He also highlights that the existence of the brand is because of the company's "commitment to its external values." Thus, as brand is intangible and commitment is not quantifiable, the real value of a brand cannot be fully taken into account by attributing a monetary value to it: "Because all those financial valuation methods are but educated guesses, we cannot rely on any one" (Chevron 10). It is clear that the author disagrees with the too simplistic or very complicated techniques employed by the financial a

Saul, First King of Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saul, First King of Israel - Essay Example Following Elwell (1991, p. 54) Saul understand a new fact interpreted the Cross. Christians are Christians and speak with conviction of the immense meaning of the Cross solely because another fact has come into the picture, a fact which reverses the apparent meaning of the Cross and enables the believer to see its real place in God's redemptive work. Saul the persecutor of the church illustrates the difference. Before his conversion he knew that Jesus had been crucified, and he took it to prove that Jesus has been disowned by God and rightly rejected by Jewish leaders. Once converted, he saw in the Cross a quite different meaning; in the light of the Resurrection it had a positive and central place in a message that claimed the faith of men ( I Cor. 2:2). But it had that place and meaning only because the Resurrection supplied the interpreting fact that gave the Cross its true place in the Christian message. The Bible mentions this event as "Saul, who is also called Paul" (Acts 13:9). It is possible to say that a new name means a new life for this person. It means a new destiny and mentality. It is important to note the role of the human mind in the guidance of the Spirit. The Spirit comes into a life, the mind must abdicate.

Murderous Monsters Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Murderous Monsters - Research Paper Example Her look does not obviously point out to a murderer but she is definitely a monster a theory she quickly banishes in front of police by saying, ‘†¦looks can be deceiving†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Miranda Barbour | Murderpedia, the Encyclopedia of Murderers). Miranda claimed that she had been sexually abused by an uncle when she was thirteen years old and it was set her desire for murder in action. She felt she wanted revenge for what her uncle had done to her. Her mother Elizabeth confirmed the claim stating that her sister’s husband was a child sexual convict after being in prison for fourteen years and that the act overwhelmed her .She was thirteen years of age by then and it was when she committed her first murder. This murder she claimed to have perpetrated after joining a devilish cult which introduced her to murder. Her mentor and cult leader invited Miranda to escort him to one of his debtors whom they lured into an alley. Inside the alley, the cult leader shot the debtor and finally gave Miranda the gun to also try shooting. Although she shot the man, Miranda confessed that she never likes killing her victims with guns she likes using a knife a murder weapon consistent even with the murder of troy. Since her first shootin g incidence where her cult leader taught her how to shoot by placing his hands and hers on the trigger and killing the debtor instantly, the thirst to kill just grew and grew bigger?( Satan, Rape and Murder: The Life of Miranda Barbour, Craigslist Killer). Miranda was soon joined by a young man Elyette Barbour who was also in the devilish cult with her. They tied the knot in October twenty thirteen when he was twenty two years old. She got pregnant but her cult membersperformed several abortions on her by use of drugs while being tied on a chair. The pregnancies were not form her husband Elyette but were form cult leaders since having sexual relations with children was part of the cult’s many rituals. He pregnancy form her husband occurred

The Major Source of Competition for Best Buy Research Paper - 2

The Major Source of Competition for Best Buy - Research Paper Example Best Buy faces competition from brick and mortar retailers such as Walt-Mart, GameStop, Radio Shack, and other 2nd tier competitors. Walt-Mart is the biggest threat to the company. This company is the largest retailer in the world with revenues of $405 billion. The company has greater buying power than Best Buy which provides with the ability to achieve greater economies of scale. Economies of scale can be defined as the reduction in long-run average and marginal costs arising from an increase in the size of an operating unit (Businessdictionary). Walt-Mart has been focusing more on growing its consumer electrics business. The firm now sales game consoles and games, smartphones, and laptop computers. GameStop also competes directly with Best Buy. The organization is the industry leader in the sale of video games. Its market share in the video game industry surpasses 40%. The firm has over 6,000 stores located across the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. The main advantage that GameStop has over Best Buy is the number of locations since Best Buy only has 1,023 stores. A third major competitor of the company is Radio Shark with 4,423 stores and overall revenues of $4 billion. Radio Shark does compete well with Best Buy in audio and video components, but customers prefer Best Buy for larger purchases. There are a variety of 2nd tier stores that also compete against Best Buy including Costco, BJ's, HH Gregg, and Ultimate Electronics. The second major source of competition for Best Buy is online retailers. Online retail sales in the United States are on the rise. In 2013 online retail sales in the United States total $395.3 billion.  

The Cask of Amontillado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cask of Amontillado - Essay Example He is insensitive to people’s feelings, but it does not seem to be coming from a place of malice, but more of a place of always thinking â€Å"what’s the big deal?† Burger is the opposite – he apparently was poor, worked his way up on the ladder, was not given anything, had to work for everything, and takes everything very seriously. So, both men came upon fame and fortune, but in very different ways. As indicated above, there is nothing in the early part of the story that would indicate that horror would be befalling Kennedy by the end of the story. This is in contrast to â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado,† the story upon which this story was evidently based. In â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado,† we know from the beginning that the narrator had a problem with Fortunato, who is the man who eventually has the same fate that Kennedy does in this story, for we know from the very first paragraph that the narrator is angry with Fortunato, althoug h we know not for what, and never do find out. However, in the â€Å"The New Catacomb,† there is initially not a hint that there is anything amiss. The two men are enjoying one another’s company, and there begins almost a casual conversation about two things – the fact that Burger has artifacts from a new catacomb that he has discovered, and the fact that Kennedy had had a scandalous affair, the details of which is not yet known. As the two men spar a bit – Kennedy is eager to know about the new catacomb, and Burger does not want to give up the secret – one does not necessarily get the sense that Burger has anything against Kennedy. Initially, the reader is led to believe that Burger is only asking Kennedy about the affair to prove a point – that, as Burger has a secret that he does not want to reveal, so does Kennedy. And, if Kennedy does not want to reveal the details of the affair, then Burger is not going to reveal the details about the new catacomb. Initially, it seems that this is all that there is to it. Of course, Kennedy does reveal the affair, and, in the process, the reader is brought into Kennedy’s mind. He comes across as callous and insensitive, for he had an affair with an engaged woman, all for the sport of it, and nothing else. Then he pretty much sealed his fate when he shrugged off the question about the woman’s other man by stating that it was simply survival of the fittest, and that if the other man would have been a better man, she would not have deserted him. Of course, the reader finds out at the end exactly who that other man was, but, at the moment, this information is not revealed, so the entire back and forth between the men about the affair does not seem to be foreboding. It is only when Burger states that he must take Kennedy to the new catacomb that the reader gets a sense of foreboding. Since most readers have read â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† at least once, th ere is, at this moment, a sense of dread for Kennedy. Although the reader does not know exactly why something will happen to Kennedy, there is immediately an â€Å"oh, no† when Burger offers to take Kennedy to the catacombs. Does Burger want revenge for the affair? If so, why is it his business? Or does he simply want a rival out of the way? After all, these men are rivals, even if they are friendly rivals. Whatever the motivation, the reader instantly can sense that this will not end well for Kennedy. As the

Teaching Assistant Duties Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Teaching Assistant Duties - Assignment Example He is a visual learner, which would account for his enjoyment of reading. Nathans communication skills need to be further developed through social interaction, ie. playtime, in order for him to feel more comfortable during group activities. Rebecca has developed some level of communication and language learning, however, she is behind in development with her age group. Her profile indicates that she has difficulty concentrating and is easily distracted. This would indicate that she has a short attention span and would require shorter, more interactive lesson activities in order to improve her learning. 1. Learning activities, materials and/or equipment, the organization of pupils, staff, and parent helpers are differentiated by the teacher to ensure that the â€Å"programme of work enables pupils to develop in the manner, and the rate, most appropriate to them† (p.145). This provides pupils with learning activities that offer a â€Å"variety of learning modes and experiences, and a fair balance of both mental and physical activity† (p.145). 4. Praise and encouragement are used by staff towards pupils in the form of â€Å"positive feedback, continuous assessment, and clear explanations† in order to continue and promote steady progress made by the pupils. As a teaching assistant, their role in planning and preparing learning activities involve meeting with the teacher regularly to discuss the â€Å"teachers lesson plans, the objectives of the learning activities†, what the teachers expectations are of the teaching assistants contributions to learning activities and the type and level of support for pupils that is expected (p.130). The teacher and teaching assistant will also discuss strategies for learning activity support. Short, after-lesson discussions should also be included as part of the planning and prepare role. During these discussions, the teaching assistant will give feedback about pupil progress during individual and group activities.

Understanding, Explaining, and Eliminating Sexual Harassment by James Essay

Understanding, Explaining, and Eliminating Sexual Harassment by James P. Sterba - Essay Example Sexual harassment can occur between two people of the same gender. Various people have tried explaining sexual harassment. Most people believe that sexual harassment is caused by a wide variety of factors. Cultural factors, social factors and personal psychological factors are believed to be the main causes of sexual harassment. Some cultures believe that women should always be submissive to men. As a result men hailing from such cultures tend to believe that they can have their way with women. Such men will go forcefully touching and grabbing women, which constitutes to sexual harassment. Indecent behavior is also one of the main causes of sexual harassment. Some men and women are guilty of dressing inappropriately in the workplace. This tempts the members of both the opposite sex and same sex. This can lead to the sexual advancement and sexual coercion. Lack of moral values may also cause sexual harassment. Some people are brought up in society where acts of sexual harassment are not condemned. Such people will have a problem in the future adapting to what is considered morally right by the larger society (Boland 78). There are people who also tend to believe that one gender is superior to the other. Such people discriminate against members of the other gender. They end up verbally abusing or forcefully touching the members of the other gender. Research has shown that women are more vulnerable to sexual harassment at the workplace due to the fact that they often lack power. They are afraid of losing their jobs and will not report the incidents of sexual harassment. Most men also use their powerful roles in the organizations to solicit for sexual favors from women for in exchange for work related benefits. Economic and social changes in the recent past have resulted in women taking up powerful positions in many organizations. Some men feel intimidated by this fact and resort to harassing such women in their workplaces. Many

Experimental Research in IR Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experimental in IR - Research Paper Example Reflecting the usefulness and the limitations of experiments alongside evaluating the text of Hudson and Butler, the research question of this paper is â€Å"How can experiment as a research methodology fulfill the aims of social scientific investigation†. The rest of this paper will forge an analysis by reflecting on different issues in political research to answer the question. The question is significant in the field of international relations because it will not only open the discussion of whether experiments could be used as a mainstream method in international studies but will also help us look into the areas of research which has been insufficiently investigated.One of the main aims of a social scientific inquiry is to produce knowledge and objective facts that will not only help to solve real-world problems but will also produce other similar questions that will spearhead the further political investigation. Similarly, the work of a social scientific inquiry is to also â€Å"further the goals of a scientific literature†. The subfields of international relations are constantly growing in areas like Cognitive Psychology, Anthropology, Socio-biology and comparative politics. The fact that international relations are constantly growing in an interdisciplinary manner provides the ground to use the experimental method to fulfill the ambitions of this issue area.The rigorous technique of researching with experiments will not only provide a bridge but will also connect the knowledge gained from the research.

Feedback Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Feedback - Essay Example In a speech provided by the White House Web site (2009) titled â€Å"Remarks by the president on the home mortgage crisis,† President Barak Obama highlighted how the mortgage phenomenon challenged the American dream and it frightened our nation’s financial system, the strength of our families and communities. President Obama (2009) said that, â€Å"its a crisis that strikes at the heart of the middle class: the homes in which we invest our savings and build our lives, raise our families and plant roots in our communities.† Millions of this country’s citizens ended up losing their jobs and are still at risk of losing their properties. The foreclosure crisis impacted the United States economy dramatically, and I strongly believe that one way to protect ourselves from foreclosures is to control the risk of our financial activities, and as homebuyers we should be well aware of what type of loans we can afford. As homeowners it is essential to take responsibility and take proper actions when it comes down to correctly distributing the household’s budget. According to Petrovich (2008), usually one individual manages the books in the majority of our households, meaning taking charge for bills getting paid and supervising the finances. Moreover, Petrovich (2008) had written that the person in charge knows if the total income is enough to keep up with the expenses. It is easy to review your expenses increases versus the earnings you are bringing home. Are you considering in your monthly balance sheet costs like utility bills or simply groceries? Determining and examining your spending behaviors is crucial to be successful at managing your finances, and have a lifestyle that meets your budget (Petrovich, 2008). But what do we know and why do we care about foreclosures? According Frame (2010), foreclosure can be defined as a legal

The Role of Internet-Enabled Platforms for Entrepreneurial Firms Essay

The Role of Internet-Enabled Platforms for Entrepreneurial Firms - Essay Example The paper highlights the implications of using internet-based services as well as other technological means for managing information resources in the business. On the other hand, Lawson and Samson considered the enhancement of innovation capability of a firm and the approaches for doing the same in their paper Developing Innovation Capability in Organisations: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach. The paper argues the point that innovation management can be included within organisational capabilities. Sullivan and Weerawardena in Networking capability and international entrepreneurship: How networks function in Australian born global firms concentrated on the process of internationalization of small firms with the help of innovation and technological means. The factors driving the SMEs to expand their marketplace and the role of networking were the key themes of the paper. This paper helps in understanding the roles of entrepreneurs in a larger market and how they use their technological resources for driving results. Realizing Product-Market Advantage in High-Technology International New Ventures: The Mediating Role of Ambidextrous Innovation Hughes et al. (2010) analyzed the role of the ambidextrous innovation process in the strategic decision-making and performance of firms in relation to high-technological use. Apart from these resources, other journals used in the study also conform to the criteria of ABS. The researcher has ensured that all the sources are authentic and cited in other academic papers also.

English Language Learners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Language Learners - Essay Example It is worth noting that all these communities have co-existed since time immemorial. With time, different cultures that speak different languages have devised their own mechanisms of survival. More importantly, these survival and communication mechanisms have changed with time in response to the changing global challenges. According to Index omundi the U.S language demographics stands at â€Å"English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7%† (Index Omundi, 2011, web). Certainly, the population is usually distributed according to native language. Therefore, people who share similar language occupy relatively the same geographic region. This implies that they can communicate effectively and carry out their businesses and day-to-day activities with their native languages. Therefore, they do not need to speak English to survive. Speakers of English as a second language more often than not come from other countries or regions. For i nstance, an appreciable percentage of people who speak English as a second language in UK are immigrants from other countries such as china and japan. ... This way, these language communities stay at proximity and therefore able to carry out their businesses in their native languages. Although most of them undertake English language lessons, they can still do business and interact with fellow native speakers. Although the absolute use of English for all government activities such as voting has always been advocated, provisions for other languages are usually provided for non-English speakers. According to Runnymede Borough Council, â€Å"All ballot papers are in English - this is the law. However there may be guidance notes in other languages† (2012, web). Therefore, people who speak English as a second language can participate even in national events without having to be fluent in English. Businesses such as voting are made possible by provision of native language guidelines or better still, voting assistants. However, communication in other sectors of the society is the same. For instance, most of the communication platforms i n U.S have options for users to select English or any other language as the preferred language for communication. Most of U.S telephone services require one to press 1 for English. Therefore, the communication system considers speakers of other languages. This implies that business for speakers of English, as a second language will still go on uninhibited even through communication platforms. Therefore, speakers of English as a second language do not need to be fluent English speakers to do business or other life activities. It is also important to note that a sizeable proportion of any society can speak other languages besides their native language. For instance, approximately 40 percent of the UK population can speak at least one

Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

Discussion - Coursework Example One of the best treatments for VTE prophylaxis in stroke patients is the Trans esophageal echo-Doppler system (TEDS). Research by (Maltagliati, Galli, Tamborini, Calligaris, Doria, Salehi, Pepi, 2006) shows that this treatment is useful in coagulation that will aid in the healing of the patients. The patients can, therefore, be treated with the help of the Advanced Practice Nurses. scds, and Heparin or Lovenox are also quit useful in the treatment of VTE prophylaxis in stroke patients when the nurse properly administers the drugs. When nurses and physicians in an organization get used to doing things in a certain way, then this forms a particular organizational culture. This culture may interfere with the implementation of new things into the organization. One of the things that may be hindered by organizational culture is the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) (Aarons, Sawitzky, 2006). This research means that it may be difficult to implement some changes the TEDS treatment. However, with proper management and instructions the evidence-based research can be used to help patients in the organization. Maltagliati, A., Galli, C. A., Tamborini, G., Calligaris, A., Doria, E., Salehi, R., & Pepi, M. (2006). Usefulness of transoesophageal echocardiography before cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation and different anticoagulant regimens. Heart, 92(7),

How Successful are Organizations Related to Assisted Suicide in the US Research Paper - 1

How Successful are Organizations Related to Assisted Suicide in the US Attempt to Polarize Public Opinion Through the Use of Language in Their Campaign - Research Paper Example In some European nations such as the Netherlands, euthanasia is accepted in some circumstances. The Dutch government has even discussed how physicians who agree to kill their terminally ill patients can be kept from being held responsible for their deaths. Over the past three decades, â€Å"American law in many states has given its citizens more rights over the events that take place in their own lives† (Amarasekara and Bagaric, 399). One of these rights is the right to determine when to discontinue medical procedures that will sustain their lives. The difference between euthanasia or mercy killing and the rejection of medical treatment has not been discussed at depth in public forums. Basically, the frequently used expression of the "right to die" mucks the distinction. In addition, the mass medias exposure of individual cases of euthanasia simply serves to distort the difference between public policy and a private act. There exists a distinct difference between â€Å"what a person might feel is practical in a particular case and what would really occur in the offices of physicians and other medical practitioners if euthanasia and assisted suicide became an accepted medical procedure† (Appel, 2). This topic is of the great significance as the public opinion polls, which always confront this issue by considering whether the members of the public think they will seek this way out if they were struck by a painful terminal illness, usually do not confront the issue of what it would mean if killing was made to be an acceptable practice that can be carried out by medical practitioners without fear of being prosecuted. Assisted suicide takes place when one individual helps another to take his or her own life, either by offering the instrument to commit suicide or by other basic steps. Euthanasia involves direct procedures, like a lethal injection, administered by one individual to end another individuals life.

Development Phase Essay Example for Free

Development Phase Essay In our group we started to develop the life of Billy Johnson and his triumph to becoming a war hero. Billy is an over confidante young man whom decides to join the war due to all the advertisement and belief form his father. Billy is convinced by propaganda that war will bring him loads of girls, fame and fortune and is gullible enough to take the risk and put his life on the line for un-thought of consequences. Unfortunately for Billy, little does he know that this decision will lead him to his cowardly death in the depth of the war. In my group we focused on showing how serious war can be and how you can be extremely hyped up and all of a sudden, that hype is shattered at the sounds of bullets blazing overhead. We used many elements of drama to express and enhance our piece. We started off our piece by having the whole family at the dinner table and the father (Umar) hands out the notice to Billy (me). This automatically kick starts Billys thoughts of becoming a hero and makes himself believe that he is unstoppable. Billys mum (Zeynap) and his younger sister (Marion) are shocked at the thought of Billy going into war especially at a young age of 16. This scene develops many emotions because the family are shocked but also disappointed at the father for filling Billys head with false hope. This starts off the reality of war because people dont think about the casualties war can bring upon us. In Billys eyes it is a chance to become a real man and prove his mother and sister wrong that he can succeed and become a war hero. To show the different emotions flowing through each characters mind, we used thought tracking. We used this technique because we felt it is the best way for a character to express their feelings. Each member of the family expressed how they felt about Billy going to war so it was a good idea because the audience could get some information about the current mood of each character. In the second scene Billy went over to his mate Jamess (Umar) house to try and convince him to join the army as well. This scene shows how Billy is too over confidante at the thought of war and it makes James see that Billy has his head in the clouds. James tries to remind Billy how dangerous war can be but Billy is too consistent on becoming a war hero. After a matter of convincing, Billy eventually manages to get James to agree a chance to become famous and join Billys side on the battlefield. This scene shows how people can be peer-pressured into activities and how your friends word isnt always correct than your gut feeling. In the third scene we have Billy and James signing up for war. This scene was rather interesting because you can clearly see that Billy is really excited but James is rather doubtful at the thought of survival. Billy has to lie about his age to get signed up but it doesnt really matter to Billy because his cockiness seems to get the better of him as he lies through his teeth. When he sees how nervous James is he decides to wait and encourage James to sign up. Then as Billy urges James forward, James has a monologue, which explains to the audience that James only wants to help people, not kill them. I think that Umar played this part of the scene very well because he reaches out and really touch the audience with his emotions towards war. In the monologue James shows how he is scared and nervous about going to war and is really re-thinking signing up. Unfortunately for him Billy is too focused on getting them both to war so poor James doesnt really have a chance to tell Billy his feelings. The forth scene was a very intense scene. This scene takes place on the boat, which our brave soldiers are heading off to war. We introduce a new character in this scene. Matthew (Zeynap) is a rather brave and confidante character, mostly a resemblance to Billy. Matthew approaches the free seat next to James but is rudely told to go away by a very frustrated James. Billy lets him sit down and Matthew and Billy begin to talk about how Great War will be. Then suddenly James snaps back to reality and starts to state the obvious about how dangerous war can and will be. Billy tries to calm James down but to no avail. This scene was very affective because the scene was quite to start of with then James starts to shout and it livens up the tempo. As James exits the scene, both Matthew and Billy are left awkwardly deep in their thoughts. In our fifth scene we were situated in a crosscutting dill-lemma. In one scene we had James and Billy back to back in the trenches showing how scared they were and how terrified they both looked. On the other hand we had the mother and little sister back at home thinking about the two boys and how reminding themselves how safe they will be. This scene helped to emprise our true emotions towards war and how war can literally make or break you. The family scene was focused on how positive the war will be and how both family members had full faith In Billy and his courage to succeed. The mother was reassuring the little daughter that Billy will be safe and he will come back a real man. Then we go and look at the two boys in the trenches. You can see that both of them are terrified at the thought of war and will become emotionally depressed. We tried to use the technique of limiting words to try and make the scene more affective because the audience would see my the facial gestures that these two boys are really terrified and may regret the thought of joining the war. Throughout this scene it is clear the audience that everybody is human and even the strongest soldier can even get scared at the sight of men screaming and dieing before their very own eyes. Our sixth scene was the most emotional and exciting scene. In the scene Billy falls to his cowardly death. We tried to make this scene as emotional and touching to the audience because they see the fear in Billy. This scene starts off by Billy asking his fellow soldiers, was it the right decision going to war. James shoots back at him by reminding Billy that this was all his idea and he should face the music. As the cornel (Marion) notifies that its time to shape up and head into the battlefield, every soldier holds their breath, and charges for what could be their last few minutes on this Earth. But then all the focus turns to a whining, shameless Billy Johnson. After all his courage able talk, Billy whimpers in the corner of the trench, unwilling to charge. His cornel shouts at Billy and tells him to get up immediately. Billy refuses and back talks. This shocking coward ness form a soldier leads to Billys cowardly death. This scene proves to the audience that even the most cockily people can be overpowered by fear. It made me really feel for Billy as I played this scene because his father encouraged him that war will make him a hero. It made me realise that Billy was just a young boy trying to impress his family and make a small difference in this world. As Billys life ends, the next scene shows the after shock of this disgusting news. Our final scene shows how the thought of never hearing a family members voice, touching their skin or even smelly their scent can make you wish death upon you. This scene was very emotional because you can see how upset and distraught the familys reactions were towards Billys death. These sorts of moments will always be remembered as emotional crashes in out lives. It makes us realise that you got to hold onto and be grateful for what you have because you dont know what you have until its gone. In this project I have learnt a lot about the affects of war, the ups and downs and most importantly the way the human mind functions. This play made me realise that not everything is as exciting or rewarding as its said to be and we should think fully through our decisions before we make them.

Kigu Essay Example for Free

Kigu Essay Using TPCASTT for Analysis T| Title| There is a field on the Canadian border that has a monument that is either forgotten, unimportant or both.| P| Paraphrase| On the Canadian border, there’s a beautiful field that isn’t famous, but it shouldn’t be known in order to preserve its beauty. | C| Connotation| What meaning does the poem/story have beyond the literal meaning? Fill in the chart below.| | | Form/GenreIt’s structured in the form of a free verse. The author chose to describe the beauty of nature, and says we should protect it.| DictionThe author uses â€Å"no†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and†did not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because he is showing us that this field is important, even though nothing significant happened there.| ImageryI see a green, open, big field with birds silently flying overhead, with the wind blowing across the field.| | | Point of ViewThe author is the narrator. He is speaking in 1st person. He may have a lot of reliability. | DetailsThere is a naturally beautiful field that the author doesn’t want to be destroyed by any human or anything else.| AllusionsIt refers to the unknown soldiers that died. None of them died there, or were buried there.| | | SymbolismIt’s referring to purity. | Figurative LanguageThis is the field where grass joined handshallowed by neglect and an air so tame| Other Devicesâ€Å"People celebrate it by forgetting its name.†| A| Attitude| The speaker feels that the field is a beautiful place, and it should be protected.The author likes nature, and wants everyone else to try to protect it and to keep it as long as possible.| S| Shifts| There was no shift in this poem.| T| Title| The title means there is a beautiful piece of nature that it should be its own monument, even though nothing happened there.| T| Theme| Things in nature that are forgotten are the things that last.| In William Stafford’s poem, â€Å"At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border,† I think the author is telling everyone that nature is precious. We should try to protect and keep it clean. Nature is a beautiful thing. You only have nature as long as you keep it pure. Another point is that monuments aren’t always going to be man-made structures. Sometimes, the most beautiful monuments are naturally made. The third idea is that the field is  like the opposite of a warzone. Instead of planes flying over, dropping bombs, birds are flying over. Instead of dead bodies on the ground, big, grassy plains are there. The last thing the author is telling us is that this field will last a long time because people are forgetting about it.

The Health Needs Assessment

The Health Needs Assessment This assignment is a quasi-report on a health need assessment (HNA) which is being prepared, as part of this module summative assessment, in order to gather information on the basis of designing and implementing a programme, on a limited scale, of health and health care acceptable, accessible and identified in Southwark based on evidence of cost-effectiveness and is beneficial to the needs of this practice area. The aim of the report is to demonstrate a critical understanding of HNA and HNA policy at the community level. The use of local and national data in identifying health met and unmet needs by demonstrating an understanding the handling and interpreting local and national data. Using policies context of increasing exclusive breastfeed and using the right evidenced based intervention by emphasising on the advantages of increasing exclusive breastfeeding to infants up to six months old. The intervention of increasing exclusive breastfeeding is through the introduction of fathers as an initiative will be discussed in depth. In order to succinctly focus the critical analysis of the assignment the Hooper Longworth (1998) five steps theory of HNA will be used. Step 1) Getting started Step 2) Identifying the Health Priorities for the Population Step 3) Assessing the Health Priority Step 4) Planning for Health Step 5) Evaluation As stated above this is a limited assignment therefore not all the steps will be used. Health Needs Assessment (HNA) Definition Health Development Agency (HDA) (2004) define HNA as a way of identifying the health needs and inequalities being experienced by a specific population groups in Southwark and identifying their priorities for professional and service development to improve the health of that target population or individuals to reduce health inequalities. The HNA assist the HVs in identifying the wider determinant of health of the population and appropriate intervention put in place to meet that needs. Needs or who will be benefiting from the intended intervention must be identified and it must be cost-effective. Bradshaw (1994) identified four different needs which is termed the Taxonomy of Needs it is Felt needs what the individuals want, expressed needs what is demanded, normative which consists of both the met and unmet needs, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In this report the normative needs will underpin the HNA as both the met and unmet needs are going to be identify. Marmot (2003) suggests it is important for people to be in control of their lives and exercise autonomy instead of them being told what they have to do; this is a way of tackling health inequalities (DH 2003). It is Government national priority as resources were allocated to it. HV should make time to find their priorities and preferences and working with their community to achieve their goals. This is a way to achieve health equality and built social capital. Social capital is the way that HV could work with mothers and fathers in improving community relationships and trust which has a direct and positive effect on increasing breastfeeding continuation up to six months. Research indicates that peer education by lay people is sometimes more important than getting information by experts who are coming from a level of power. HMSO (2012) Healthy Lives Healthy People White Paper is an overarching document responding to Marmot Review Fair Society Healthy Live (Marmot 2010) is providing a framework in tackling the wider social determinant of health and health inequalities. It aims to build peoples self-esteem, confidence and resilience right from conception and into older age with stronger support for early years. It is underpin by the White Paper Liberating the NHS (DH 2010) providing the framework in commissioning services that has an impact on the health of the most needy in the community thereby helping in reducing health inequalities. Demography of Southwark Health inequality is defined as providing equal health to all across the different boundaries (reference). Southwark in a central London borough and is ranked 12th as the most deprived London Borough and 41st most deprived in England according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation in 2010 (reference). Pocket of extreme deprivation are concentrated in the centre of the borough. Data from the Charity Shelter UK (2012) reveal that Southwark are among the most vulnerable London Boroughs with 1 in 46 households are at risk of losing their homes. According to the 2010 census (NAO 2012) it has a diverse multicultural, multilingual and multi-ethnic population and 51% of the Southwark population is from the British minority ethnic (BME) group. This is a challenge In Southwark 4.1% compared to 3.1% in London of the households are homelessness and one is four households are overcrowded living in overcrowding homes (Shelter 2005) putting extra pressure and stress on families relations. However, the coalition government has recognised the overburden on the housing stock and in the process of funding new home building across England (). This will not relieve the housing situation in the sort term. children living in poverty 16986 (32.3%) (21.9% England and 29.7% London average) First time entrant to young justice 402 (0.7% or 4.8%) (Eng. 57291; London 8349) 16-18 NEET 330 (4.37%) (4.50% London 6.13% England) homelessness 510 (4.11%) (London 3.14%; England 2.03%) 4136 (90.56%) babies initiated breastfeeding after birth compared with 74.08% in England and 87.06% in London. 3446 (75.69%) breastfeed until six to eight weeks compare with England 47.02%; London 67.32%. Smoking status at time of delivery 202 (4.38) compare with England 13.19%; London 6.02% Under 18 years old conception 679 (61.5%) compare with 38.1% and 40.9% Infant mortality 79 (5.3%) England 4.6% and London 4.5% compared to England, 49 percent of the population is white British descent. The largest minority ethnic groups are Black African and Black Caribbean. Southwark has a young population. Overall the health profile of Southwark population is poor. Deprivation, crime, teenage pregnancy, and children living in poverty rates are higher than England average (Reference). Rationale The rationale is to identify the role of fathers in motivating and promoting their partners to breastfeed their babies as part of public health initiative thereby reducing health inequalities for both mother and infant. Furthermore, it will explore the health benefit of breastfeeding and the potential health risks factors to babies and mothers if exclusive breastfeeding is discontinued after six to eight weeks postpartum. Evidence has shown that exclusive breastfeeding infants until they are six months old greatly reduce childhood obesity and prevent them from acquiring other health problems when they are adults. Reducing smoking and increasing life expectancy are among Southwark health priorities together with the reduction of children obesity (Reference). In order to reduce childhood obesity research has shown that mothers should be highly encouraged to exclusively breastfeed their babies up to six months () and fathers are well-placed to encourage mothers whilst breastfeeding (). This underlines the reason Breastfeeding is among one of the Southwark health priorities as it an important factor in the reduction of child obesity. Such as reducing smoking and increasing life expectancy most importantly is the reduction of child obesity. Research has shown that breastfeeding up to six months is an important intervention to reduce children obesity. The rationale Data In 2010 there were 5131 live births, the highest birth rate in London, out of which 226 were young mothers under the age of 18 years old (National Office of Statistics (NAO) (2011) and Department of Health (2012) Links bf rates and health inequality The breastfeeding initiation rate was 73.9percent in 2012/13 Quarter 2, which is just less than the annual percentage for 2011/12 (74.1percent) and slightly higher than 2010/11 (73.7percent). The prevalence of breastfeeding at six to eight weeks 92% of mothers in Southwark initiate breastfeeding postpartum until 6-8 weeks. 1 in 4 mothers breastfed their babies 6 months, the remainder either revert to mixed feeding or exclusively formulae-feeding. decrease by 66% thereby coming down to a ration of 1 in 4 babies are breastfed by 6 months and over (Bolling et al 2007; NICE 2008). Initiation and duration rates of any breastfeeding rates are lowest among families from lower socio-economic groups, adding inequalities in health and continuing to the perpetration of the cycle of deprivation. BF rates are low in the UK for several generations, and professionals, childbearing women, families and the public at large have all been exposed to formula feeding as the norm. This is one of the reasons that mothers are encouraged by the midwives and HVs to continuously breastfeed their babies until six months and up to two years. It seems that most mothers discontinue breastfeeding their babies after six to eight weeks reverting to formula feeding which is classified as health inequalities. The intervention by fathers is important motivators in supporting mothers to increase breastfeeding rates up to six months thereby prevent health inequalities. The 2012 data in England, London and Southwark on initiation and continuation of mothers breastfeeding from two hours to six to eight weeks postpartum identified a slight increase from 76% in (year) to over 90% in 2013. The discontinuation of breastfeeding after six to eight weeks is as a result of either mothers are returning to work, feeling pain at breastfeeding or lack of family support. Fathers involvement by midwives and Health Visitors (HVs) from antenatal is an important intervention in supporting their partners to breastfed their babies until six months postpartum. The drive placed on mothers by midwives and Health Visitors (HVs) to continuously breastfeed are underpinned by International, National and local policies The determination placed on mothers by the Government and Health Visitors (HVs) to exclusively and continuously breastfeed their babies until six months postpartum is an important and effective measure that can protect their health and that of their babies with specific contributions and motivations from babies biological fathers. Healthy Child Programme (HCP) (2009) recommends that fathers are involved However, the HCP has conflicting information from the UK government which flexibly recommends formula or mixed feeding could be introduced after four months (17 weeks) however with the caveat it should be delayed until six months. This is giving conflicting information to both the mothers and Health Visitors (HVs) who tends to follow the UNICEF BFI UK guidelines. Risk Factors Ip and colleagues (2010) conducted a systematic review of the evidence on the effects of breastfeeding on short- and long-tem infant and maternal health and suggested that breastfeeding reduces the risk of diarrhoea and chest infection; atopic dermatitis and asthma; obesity and type I and type II diabetes (Sherburns-Hawkins et al. 2008); childhood leukemia; sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and necrotising enterocolitis. According to Breastfeeding also confers benefits on the mother by regulating fertility (WHO 2010) Employment, housing and income are primary determinants of health and health inequalities4. They affect individuals, families and society both directly or indirectly through wider social and economic factors, e.g. child poverty, educational attainment of children, social isolation, etc. London is arguably disproportionately affected by employment, housing and income as determinants of health due to demographics, higher living costs and the nature of its housing and employment markets Reference Lists Custworth L. Bradshaw J. (2007) A comparison of policies to enhance child well-being. Special Policy Research Unit, University of York. Hooper, J. and Longworth, P. (1998) Health Needs Assessment in Primary Health Care. Huddersfield: Calderdale and Kirklees Health Authority. Downloaded on the 23rd November 2012 www.geocities.com/HotSprings/4202/ hnawrk.html Shelter UK (2005) Full house? How overcrowded housing affects families. Downloaded on the 24th December 2012 http://england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/66400/Full_house_reportL.pdf Stevens A. Gilliam S. (1998) Needs assessment from theory to practice. British Medical Journal 316, 440-444. Tate A., Lloyd T., Sankey S., Carlyon T., Marshall G., Jefferys P., Williamson K and Chung S. (2012) The housing report 2012: The coalition midterm review. Shelter, London. DH (2007) Implementation plans for reducing health inequalities in infant mortality: a good practice. The Stationery Office, London. DH (2003) Infant feeding recommendation. The Stationery Office, London. www.chimat.org.uk. www.ic.nhs.uk/pubs/ifs2005 www.london.nhs.uk/publications/tools-and-resources/pct-perfromance-quick-guides